Để làm tốt câu passive voice, cần phân biệt 2 loại động từ transitive và intransitive.* Only transitive verbs can be used in the passive: Active: Bob mailed the letter.
Passive: The letter is mailed by Bob.
* Intransitive verbs is NOT used in the passive: Active: An accident happened.
Passive: (not possible)
Incorrect: An accident was happened.
* Transitive verb is an action verb that is followed by an object. An object is a noun or a pronoun that receives the action. This Object answers to the question "Who[m] or what"
Example: I know
the story. (story is noun. The story is noun phrase)
(What do I know?- The story)
Peter loves
MaryWho[m] does Peter love? - Mary
* Intransitive verb is a verb that is not followed by an object. An intransitive verb includes all linking verbs and any action verbs that don't take an object. The sentence may end with the verb, an adjective, or an adverb. The questions one may ask with these forms are " When, where, how, or why"
Example:
The children sat.
The children sat
at 7:30 pm.(When did the children sit? - at 7:30 pm)
The children sat
at the table.(Where did the children sit? - At the table)
The children sat
quietly.(How did the children sit? - Quietly)
The children sat
because their mother told them to.(Why did the children sit? - Because their mother told them to)
NOTE: Linking verb là các động từ như feel, smell, sound, taste, look, grow, become, appear, remain... Có thể tìm hiểu bằng cách gõ Linking verb vào google.com mà tìm câu trả lời.
Bài tập phân biệt Vt: Transitive verb và Vi: Intransitive verb. 1/ The Mendozas went to the Grand Canyon.
2/ They had never visited it before.
3/ Mr.Mendoza drove the car most of the way.
4/ He drove for miles through the desert.
5/ The childern rode in the back seat.
6/ Luis saw the canyon first.
7/ No one felt sadder than Roberto.
8/ Roberto loved the shepherd!
9/ The next day the caretaker did stop.
10/ Bobby had found a home on the prairie.
11/ The workers had built a sturdy metal fence.
12/ I inherited a cat from the former tenants.
13/ Smith, the cat, sat quietly on the sofa.
14/ I drove to the kennel for my two dogs.
15/ The dogs would see Smith soon.
16/ I offered the dogs treats.
17/ I gave each dog a warning about politeness.
18/ Then I entered the house with the two canines.
19/ The cat bristled.
20/ I gave the cat a hug.
21/ The poodle gave the cat a sniff.
22/ Jones understood cats.
Trả lời: Ở đây có cách nhìn ra Vt là phải nhìn ra complement theo sau Vt, Complement trong sách khác gọi là Object. Xem lại complement ở đây
https://bangminhkiem.forumvi.com/forum-f21/topic-t149.htm 1/ The Mendozas went (to the Grand Canyon.)
"to the Grand Canyon" : prepositional phrase- Xem lại prepositional phrase ở phần Modifier trang
https://bangminhkiem.forumvi.com/forum-f21/topic-t149.htm to : preposition
Grand Canyon: Object preposition là noun (viết tắt là OP.)
=> Went : Vi
2/ They had never visited it (before.)
It: Direct Object (viết tắt là DO)
=> had visited: Vt
3/ Mr.Mendoza drove the car (most of the way.)
car: DO
=>drove: Vt
4/ He drove (for miles) (through the desert).
(for miles): Prepositional phrase
(through the desert): Prepositional phrase
Ko có DO => drove: Vi
5/ The childern rode (in the back seat.)
(in the back seat.): Prepositional phrase
Ko có DO => rode: Vi
6/ Luis saw the canyon first.
canyon: DO
=> saw : Vt
7/ No one felt sadder than Roberto.
felt : linking verb => felt : Vi
8/ Roberto loved the shepherd!
shepherd: DO
=> loved : Vt
9/ The next day the caretaker did stop.
Ko có DO => did stop: Vi
did stop trông có vẻ lạ, do động từ Do đi với stop dùng để nhấn mạnh sự chú ý.
10/ Bobby had found a home (on the prairie.)
(on the prairie.): preposition phrase
home: DO
=> had found: Vt
11/ The workers had built a sturdy metal fence.
fence: DO
=> had built: Vt
12/ I inherited a cat (from the former tenants.)
(from the former tenants.): Prepositional phrase
cat: DO
=> inherited: Vt
13/ Smith, the cat, sat quietly (on the sofa.)
(on the sofa.): Prepositional phrase
quietly: adverb
Ko có DO => sat : Vi
14/ I drove (to the kennel) (for my two dogs.)
(to the kennel) and (for my two dogs.): Prepositional phrase
Ko có DO => drove : Vi
15/ The dogs would see Smith soon.
Smith: DO => would see: Vt
16/ I offered the dogs treats.
dogs: Indirect Object
treats: DO
=> offered : Vt
17/ I gave each dog a warning (about politeness.)
(about politeness.): Prepositional phrase
warning: DO
dog: Indirect Object
=> gave: Vt
18/ Then I entered the house (with the two canines.)
(with the two canines.): Prepositional phrase
house: DO
=> entered : Vt
19/ The cat bristled.
Ko có DO => bristled: Vi
20/ I gave the cat a hug.
hug: DO
cat: Indirect Object
=> gave: Vt
21/ The poodle gave the cat a sniff.
gave: Vt
22/ Jones understood cats.
understood : Vt